Science questions on The Human Eye and the Colourful World

Consider the following statements in the context of human eye :

(a) The diameter of the eye ball is about 2.3 cm.
(b) Iris is a dark muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil
(c) Most of the refraction for the light rays entering the eye occurs at the crystalline lens.
(d) While focusing on the objects at different distance the distance between the crystalline lens and the retina is adjusted by ciliary muscles.

The correct statements are :

Two statements are given - One labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to the question from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below :

Assertion (A) : Myopic eye cannot see distant objects distinctly.

Reason (R) : For the correction of myopia converging lenses of appropriate power are prescribed by eye-surgeons.

When do we say that a particular person is suffering from hypermetropia? List two causes of this defect. Name the type of lens used to correct this defect.