Arithmetic - Ratio, Proportion & Variation - Previous Year CAT/MBA Questions
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Total expenses of a boarding house are partly fixed and partly varying linearly with the number of boarders. The average expense per boarder is Rs. 700 when there are 25 boarders and Rs. 600 when there are 50 boarders. What is the average expense per boarder when there are 100 boarders?
- (a)
550
- (b)
580
- (c)
540
- (d)
570
Answer: Option A
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Text Explanation :
Let x be the fixed cost and y the variable cost 17500 = x + 25y … (i)
30000 = x + 50y … (ii)
Solving the equation (i) and (ii), we get
x = 5000, y = 500
Now if the average expense of 100 boarders be ‘A’.
Then
100 × A = 5000 + 500 × 100
∴ A = 550.
Hence, option (a).
Workspace:
I have one-rupee coins, 50-paisa coins and 25-paisa coins. The number of coins are in the ratio 2.5 : 3 : 4. If the total amount with me is Rs. 210, find the number of one-rupee coins.
- (a)
90
- (b)
85
- (c)
100
- (d)
105
Answer: Option D
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Text Explanation :
Since the number of coins are in the ratio 2.5 : 3 : 4, the values of the coins will be in the ratio
(1 × 2.5) : (0.5 × 3) : (0.25 × 4) = 2.5 : 1.5 : 1 or 5 : 3 : 2
Since they totally amount to Rs. 210, if the value of each type of coins are assumed to be 5x, 3x and 2x, the average value per coin will be .
So the total value of one-rupee coins will be = Rs. 105
So the total number of one-rupee coins will be 105.
Workspace:
Direction: Each question is followed by two statements, I and II. Answer the questions based on the statements and mark the answer as
1. if the question can be answered with the help of any one statement alone but not by the other statement.
2. if the question can be answered with the help of either of the statements taken individually.
3. if the question can be answered with the help of both statements together.
4. if the question cannot be answered even with the help of both statements together.
What is the value of ‘a’?
I. Ratio of a and b is 3 : 5, where b is positive.
II. Ratio of 2a and b is where a is positive.
Answer: 4
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Text Explanation :
Note that both the statements give the same piece of information that a : b = 3 : 5 and that a and b are both positive. But none of the statements either in itself or together can give the value of a.
Workspace:
A student instead of finding the value of of a number, found the value of of the number. If his answer differed from the actual one by 770, find the number.
- (a)
1584
- (b)
2520
- (c)
1728
- (d)
1656
Answer: Option A
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Text Explanation :
This equation is very straightforward. If the number is 'x', then On solving this equation, we get x = 1584. Hint: Students please note that if the difference in and of a number is 770, then the difference in and of the number should be 110. If we express this as an equation, we get
or 10x = 110 × 18 × 8
or x = 11 × 18 × 8
You can further proceed from here in two ways: (i) the last digit of the required answer should be (1 × 8 × 8) = 4, (ii) number should be divisible by 11. In both cases, the answer that is obtained from the given choices is 1584.
Workspace:
The value of each of a set of coins varies as the square of its diameter, if its thickness remains constant, and it varies as the thickness, if the diameter remains constant. If the diameter of two coins are in the ratio 4 : 3, what should be the ratio of their thickness if the value of the first is four times that of the second?
- (a)
16 : 9
- (b)
9 : 4
- (c)
9 : 16
- (d)
4 : 9
Answer: Option B
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Text Explanation :
Let D1, T1 and D2, T2 denote the diameters and the thickness of the two coins respectively. If V1 and V2 are the values of the two coins.
Therefore,
Workspace:
The cost of diamond varies directly as the square of its weight. Once, this diamond broke into four pieces with weights in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4. When the pieces were sold, the merchant got Rs. 70,000 less. Find the original price of the diamond.
- (a)
Rs. 1.4 lakh
- (b)
Rs. 2 lakh
- (c)
Rs. 1 lakh
- (d)
Rs. 2.1 lakh
Answer: Option C
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Text Explanation :
Let the original weight of the diamond be 10x. Hence, its original price will be k(100x2) . . . where k is a constant.
The weights of the pieces after breaking are x, 2x, 3x and 4x. Therefore, their prices will be kx2, 4kx2, 9kx2 and 16kx2. So the total price of the pieces = (1 + 4 + 9 + 16)kx2 = 30kx2. Hence, the difference in the price of the original diamond and its pieces = 100kx2 – 30kx2 = 70kx2 = 70000.
Hence, kx2 = 1000 and the original price = 100kx2 = 100 × 1000 = 100000 = Rs. 1 lakh.
Workspace:
Out of two-thirds of the total number of basketball matches, a team has won 17 matches and lost 3 of them. What is the maximum number of matches that the team can lose and still win more than threefourths of the total number of matches, if it is true that no match can end in a tie?
- (a)
4
- (b)
6
- (c)
5
- (d)
3
Answer: Option A
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Text Explanation :
The team has played a total of (17 + 3) = 20 matches. This constitutes of the matches. Hence, total number of matches played = 30. To win of them, a team has to win 22.5, i.e. at least win 23 of them. In other words, the team has to win a minimum of 6 matches (since it has already won 17) out of remaining 10. So it can lose a maximum of 4 of them.
Workspace:
From each of the two given numbers, half the smaller number is subtracted. Of the resulting numbers the larger one is three times as large as the smaller. What is the ratio of the two numbers?
- (a)
2 : 1
- (b)
3 : 1
- (c)
3 : 2
- (d)
None
Answer: Option A
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Text Explanation :
Let the two given numbers be x and y such that x > y.
According to the question,
x -
⇒ 2x - y = 6y - 3y
⇒ 2x = 4y
Hence, option (a).
Workspace:
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