CRE 2 - Syllogisms | LR - Syllogisms
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Answer the folowing 10 questions based on the information given:
In each question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts.
Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Give answer as:
1 ⇒ If only conclusion I follows
2 ⇒ If only conclusion II follows
3 ⇒ If either I or II follows
4 ⇒ If neither I nor II follows and
5 ⇒ If both I and II follow.
Statements:
- All animals are mammals.
- No mammal is an elephant.
Conclusions:
- No elephant is an animal.
- No animal is an elephant.
Answer: 5
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Explanation :
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative.
Also, the conclusion should not contain the middle term. So, II follows.
I is the converse of II and thus it also holds.
Hence, 5.
Workspace:
Statements:
- Some hard-working people are students.
- All social workers are students.
Conclusions:
- Some hard-working people are social workers.
- Some social workers are hard-working people.
Answer: 4
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Explanation :
The first premise is particular affirmative. So, the common term 'students' forming the predicate is not distributed.
The second premise is universal affirmative. So, the common term 'students' forming the predicate is not distributed.
Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Hence, 4.
Workspace:
Statements:
- No cricketer is poor.
- All cricketers are rich.
Conclusions:
- No poor man is rich.
- No rich man is poor.
Answer: 4
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Explanation :
The first premise is universal negative, so, the middle term 'cricketer' forming the subject is distributed.
The second premise is universal affirmative. So, the middle term 'cricketers' forming the subject is distributed.
Since the middle term is distributed twice, the conclusion cannot be universal.
Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative.
Thus, it follows that 'Some rich men are not poor'. Thus, neither I nor II follows.
Hence, 4.
Workspace:
Statements:
- Some awards are bought.
- All awards are fake.
Conclusions:
- Some fake things are bought.
- Some fake things are not bought.
Answer: 1
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Explanation :
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows.
Since both the premises are affirmative, the conclusion cannot be negative. Thus, II does not follow.
Hence, 1.
Workspace:
Statements:
- All fishes are grey in colour.
- Some fishes are heavy.
Conclusions:
- All heavy fishes are grey in colour.
- All light fishes are not grey in colour.
Answer: 1
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Explanation :
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term.
So, it follows that 'Some heavy things are grey in colour'.
I is a cumulative result of this conclusion and the first premise. Thus, only I holds.
Hence, 1.
Workspace:
Statements:
- All nice people are fools.
- All nice people get mocked.
Conclusions:
- All those who get mocked are nice people.
- All those who are fools get mocked.
Answer: 4
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Explanation :
Since the middle term 'nice people' is distributed twice in the premises, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term.
So, it follows that 'Some of those who are fools, get mocked'.
Hence, 4.
Workspace:
Statements:
- All batsmen are bowlers.
- All wicket-keepers are batsmen.
Conclusions:
- All wicket-keepers are bowlers.
- Some batsmen are wicket-keepers.
Answer: 5
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Explanation :
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows.
II is the converse of the second premise and so it also holds.
Hence, 5.
Workspace:
Statements:
- All railway stations have a wi-fi zone.
- X is a railway station.
Conclusions:
- X has a wi-fi zone.
- Places other than railway stations do not have wi-fi zones.
Answer: 1
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Explanation :
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, only I follows.
Hence, 1.
Workspace:
Statements:
- Some cats are dogs.
- Some dogs are rats.
Conclusions:
- All rats are either dogs or cats.
- Some rats are dogs.
Answer: 2
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Explanation :
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.
However, II is the converse of the second premise and thus it holds.
Hence, 2.
Workspace:
Statements:
- All houses are homes.
- Some homes are buildings.
Conclusions:
- Some buildings are houses.
- No building is house.
Answer: 3
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Explanation :
Since the middle term 'homes' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. So, either I or II follows.
Hence, 3.
Workspace:
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