Discussion

Explanation:

Using Fermat’s Little Theorem we know, remainder of a^(p-1) when divided by p is 1.

where p is a prime number, a and p are co-primes.

Here, a = 2 and p = 31.

∴ Remainder when 2³⁰ is divided by 31 = 1.

⇒ R[2¹²⁰/31] = R[2^30×4/31] = R[2³⁰/31]⁴ = 1⁴ = 1.

Hence, 1.

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