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Explanation:

The theme of the passage is that biological linkages (for example mother- child; father- child) do not structure human society. We expect a biological mother to display certain characteristics in her ‘role’ as a mother as an ideal. The passage is then an explanation of how human society is structured on the basis of such definitions of roles considered as ideals. Only option 5 captures this briefly.
Option 1 talks about ‘absence of strong biological linkages’ which is not dealt with in the passage.
Option 2 is contrary to the theme of the passage.
Option 3 which states “… behavior is independent of … reciprocal roles” is contrary to the passage.
Option 4 may be evaluated as the answer, but passage does not state that human behavior is dependent on biological linkages, and the example of the step mother disproves this option.
Only option 5 captures the theme of the passage.
Hence, the correct answer is option 5.

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