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Question:

Directions: Each question has a set of four statements. Each statement has three segments. Choose the alternative where the third segment in the statement can be logically deduced using both the preceding two, but not just from one of them.

A. All mammals are viviparous. Some fish are viviparous. Some fish are mammals.
B. All birds are oviparous. Some fish are not oviparous. Some fish are birds.
C. No mammal is oviparous. Some creatures are oviparous and some are not. Some creatures are not mammals.
D. Some creatures are mammals. Some creatures are viviparous. Some mammals are viviparous.

Explanation:

(c) C only is the correct answer choice.
Statement A is invalid, as the some fish that are viviparous need not be mammals.

Statement B is invalid. We can validly conclude that the ‘Some fish (shaded portion)’ that are not oviparous are definitely not birds as well. But, based on this, we cannot conclude that ‘Some fish are birds’, as we have no knowledge about the ‘remaining fish’.
Statement C is valid, as we can validly conclude that the ‘Some C’ which are inside the circle O cannot be mammals. But nothing definite can be said about the ‘Some C’ which are outside the circle O.

Statement D is invalid, because the ‘Some C’, which are V and the ‘Some C’, which are M, need not have any relationship between them, as evident from the Venn diagram.

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