Discussion

Explanation:

The author states, “The answer of the historian, in so far as I am capable of giving it, will appear in the course of this work.”  He may be a historian, so, option 1 is eliminated. Philosopher is also ruled out as he holds a favourable view towards it (the passage is on philosophy!).
Between options 3 and 4, the author definitely does not hold a favourable view of theology. He makes statements like, “the confident answers of theologians no longer seem as convincing as they did in former centuries.” Thus, he is surely not a theologian.
Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

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