Discussion

Explanation:

This is a direct question.
Option 1 is the fifth strand is the passage, but there is nothing to indicate that had a different impact compared to earlier droughts.
Option 2 has no supporting data in the passage.
Option 4 contradicts the third paragraph, “Maya warfare, already endemic, peaked just before the collapse”.
Option 5 is incorrect because “the third strand consisted of increased fighting, as more and more people fought over fewer resources.” This implies that environmental degradation had nothing to do with this particular drought.
The third paragraph mentions “at the time of previous droughts, there were still uninhabited parts of the Maya landscape, and people at a site affected by drought could save themselves by moving to another site. However, by the time of the Classic collapse the landscape was now full, there was no useful unoccupied land in the vicinity on which to begin anew, and the whole population could not be accommodated in the few areas that continued to have reliable water supplies.”  From this, option 3 is correct.
Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

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