Discussion

Explanation:

​​​​​​​The first table gives the difference between the average sales of various products over seven years.
e.g. A – B = 214.29 crores
Hence, total difference between A and B over the seven year period is:
A – B = 214.29 × 7 = 1500 crores
Similarly,
C – A = 900 cr, A – D = 1000 cr, A – E = 300 cr, C – B = 2400 cr, D – B = 500 cr, E – B
= 1200 cr, C – D = 1900 cr, C – E = 1200 cr,
E – D = 700 cr
Let the sales of A in 2013 be a(‘000s), C in 2010 be c(‘000s) and D in 2012 be d(‘000s).
The total sales, by volume, of each product are:
A = (6800 + a) × 103
B = 5800 × 103
C = (7400 + c) × 103
D = (5700 + d) × 103
E = 7000 × 103
Hence, difference between number of units sold of B and E = 1200 × 103
Assuming that each product is sold at the same cost in each year,
Cost per product = (1200 cr)/(1200 thousand) = (1200 × 107)/ (1200 × 103)
= 10000
∴ Total sales of B over the given period = 5800 × 10× 10000 = 5800 × 10= 5800 crores
Similarly, total sales of E over the given period = 7000 × 10× 10000 = 7000 × 10= 7000 crores
Using these values in the equations above, A = 7300 crores, C = 8200 crores, D
= 6300 crores
Also, total sales of A = (6800 + a) × 10× 10000 = (6800 + a) × 107
= (6800 + a) crores

The product having the least total sales over the given period will also have the least average.

Hence, this product is B, with total sales of Rs. 5800 crores.

Hence, option (b).

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