Directions: Each question has a set of four statements. Each statement has three segments. Choose the alternative where the third segment in the statement can be logically deduced using both the preceding two, but not just from one of them.
A. No cowboys laugh. Some who laugh are sphinxes. Some sphinxes are not cowboys. B. All ghosts are florescent. Some ghost do not sing. Some singers are not florescent. C. Cricketers indulge in swearing. Those who swear are hanged. Some who are hanged are not cricketers. D. Some crazy people are pianists. All crazy people are whistlers. Some whistlers are pianists.
Explanation:
(c) ‘A and D’ is the correct answer choice
Statement A is valid: The shaded portion represents those some sphinxes that laugh and, therefore, are not cowboys as no cowboys laugh. Statement B is invalid. All G are F. Some G are not S. ∴ Some S are not F.
F = Florescent things G = Ghosts S = Singers The valid conclusion is: Some F(shared position) are not S. (V) and not the converse: Some S are not F. (X) (The some ghosts who are not singers (in shaded portion) are also the ‘some florescent things that are not singers’) Statement C is invalid: All C are S. All S are H. ∴ Some H are not C.
C = Cricketers S = Those who swear H = Those who are hanged The valid conclusion is: All C are H () and not its negation: Some H are not (C) (x) Statement D is valid. Some CP are P. All CP are W. ∴ Some W are P.
CP = Crazy people W = Wrestlers P = Pianists The shaded portion represents those some pianists who are crazy people and are, therefore, wrestlers. And conversely, they are those some wrestlers who are pianists.
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